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Users and logins in MSSQL

Login - grants access to the server

User grants a login access to the database List users in SQL Server database

Query

select sp.name as login,
       sp.type_desc as login_type,
       sl.password_hash,
       sp.create_date,
       sp.modify_date,
       case when sp.is_disabled = 1 then 'Disabled'
            else 'Enabled' end as status
from sys.server_principals sp
left join sys.sql_logins sl
          on sp.principal_id = sl.principal_id
where sp.type not in ('G', 'R')
order by sp.name;

Columns

login - user name
login_type - principal type:
- SQL_LOGIN - SQL login
- WINDOWS_LOGIN - Windows login
- CERTIFICATE_MAPPED_LOGIN - Login mapped to a certificate
- ASYMMETRIC_KEY_MAPPED_LOGIN - Login mapped to an asymmetric key
password_hash - for SQL logins hashed password with SHA-512
create_date - date the login was added
modify_date - date the login was last updated
status - status of the login
- Enabled
- Disabled

Rows

One row represents one user in the database
Scope of rows: all users in the database
Ordered by user name

Query

select name as username,
       create_date,
       modify_date,
       type_desc as type,
       authentication_type_desc as authentication_type
from sys.database_principals
where type not in ('A', 'G', 'R', 'X')
      and sid is not null
      and name != 'guest'
order by username;

Columns

username - user name
create_date - date the account was added
modify_date - date the account was last updated
type_desc - principal type:
- CERTIFICATE_MAPPED_USER - User mapped to a certificate
- EXTERNAL_USER - External user from Azure Active Directory
- ASYMMETRIC_KEY_MAPPED_USER - User mapped to an asymmetric key
- SQL_USER - SQL user
- WINDOWS_USER - Windows user
authentication_type - type of user authentication
- NONE : No authentication
- INSTANCE : Instance authentication
- DATABASE : Database authentication
- WINDOWS : Windows Authentication

Rows

One row represents one user in the database
Scope of rows: all users in the database
Ordered by user name

Change SQL Server Password Using SQL Script

Open the SQL Server Management Studio.
Open a New Query.

Copy, paste, and execute the following:

GO
ALTER LOGIN [sa] WITH DEFAULT_DATABASE=[master]
GO
USE [master]
GO
ALTER LOGIN [sa] WITH PASSWORD=N'NewPassword' MUST_CHANGE
GO

where NewPassword is the password you wish to use for the sa account.

Check Disk Space Usage on CentOS

Most commonly used commands for checking disk spaces or usage or free spaces are df, du and free.

df command is used to get the details disk spaces information of the file system. DF - stands for disk filesystem.

$ df --help

–help is the common option for any command to get all information for using the command.

$ df -h

-h option is used with df command to display the disk space in human readable format. Disk space value will be shown in GB and MB.

$ df -m

-m option is used with df command to show the disk space in MB.

$ df -T

-T option is used with df command to show the file type.

$ df -h Public

You can show the disk space information of any particular folder in human readable format by using above command. The output will show the disk space information of Public folder.

$ df -hT

You can use two options -hT together to get the file types in human readable format.

Another useful command to find out the usage information is all files and folders. Here, du stands for disk usage. This command retrieves information of folders and sub-folders and files recursively. So, this command can be used to get more detail information of disk usage.

$ du -h

The output will show the size information of files and folders in more human readable format.

$ du -h Downloads

The output will show the size of Downloads folder.

$ du -h --time Downloads

The output will show the size of Downloads folder with last modification time.

$ du -m Downloads

The output will show the size of Downloads folder in MB.

free command is used to get the detail used and unused information of the computer memory and swap.

$ free

The output shows the memory and swap usage information in byes.

$ free -h

The output shows the memory and swap usage information in GB and MB.

$ free -m

The output shows the memory and swap usage information in MB.

One of the mostly used built-in tool to monitor the partition of the disk is fdisk. Using this tool you can not only monitor the disk partition but also create, move, copy and delete disk partitions. You must have root privilege to run this command.

$ sudo fdisk -l

-l option is used to get information about all available partitions on your operating system. You have to provide root password to run this command.

$ sudo fdisk -l /dev/sda1

You have to mention the device name with –l and fdisk command for getting the information of specific partition or device.

$ sudo fdisk /dev/sda1

You can print the output of any device by executing fdisk command with device name. When you will run the command, a prompt will appear to take the next command if the device name exists. Type ‘p’ to print the output.

How to configure static IP address on CentOS

By default CentOS minimal install does not come with pre-configure network. In this small tutorial i will explain how to set static ip address on CentOS 6.5 minimal.
First, need to edit the set up for the ethernet. Let’s start with editing this file:

EDIT Device:
# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0


DEVICE=eth0
HWADDR=DC:41:A9:52:4E:6D
TYPE=Ethernet
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
IPV6INIT=no
USERCTL=no
NM_CONTROLLED=yes
PEERDNS=yes
IPADDR=192.168.1.10
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
Now, configure default getaway:

EDIT Network:
# vi /etc/sysconfig/network
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=centos6
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
Configure DNS Server

EDIT DNS:
# vi /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 8.8.4.4

Now restart the network interface:
# /etc/init.d/networking restart
Check eth0:

check configuration:
# ifconfig eth0
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr DC:41:A9:52:4E:6D
inet addr:192.168.1.10 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::799f:e441:a0f6:8562/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:63262 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:32456 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:111111111 (233.0 MiB) TX bytes:11111111 (139.0 MiB)

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Users and logins in MSSQL

Query

Columns

Rows

Query

Columns

Rows

Change SQL Server Password Using SQL Script

Check Disk Space Usage on CentOS

How to configure static IP address on CentOS

How to configure static IP address on CentOS

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