How to create .pfx file from certificate and private key?

1. Open web page - 

2. Select Type of Current Certificate

Your certificate should be issued in Standard PEM format. Common PEM extensions include .cer, .crt, and .pem. Make sure Type of Current Certificate is set to “Standard PEM”.

3. Select Type to Convert To

Select “PFX/PKCS#12” as the Type to Convert To.

4. Upload Certificate

Locate Certificate File to Convert and click the Choose File button to upload your certificate. This file should be the certificate that is issued to your web server domain.

5. Upload Private Key

Locate Private Key File and click the Choose File button to upload the file. 

6. Upload Chain Certificate Files

Locate Chain Certificate File and click Choose File to upload the CA intermediate certificate. The appropriate certificate depends on what brand of SSL you have, so please make sure you have the correct intermediate certificate before you upload your file.

8. PFX Password

Create a new password for your PFX file. You will need to remember this password when you install the PFX file on your system.

9. Convert Certificate

Once you have uploaded the certificate and key files, click the Convert Certificate button to complete the process and download your new PFX file. 

Postgresql – Possible backup corruption using pg_dump only with compress parameter

the command can be used to backup the database in postgresql

pg_dump -Z 1 db_name > backup
where -Z - compression level
db_name - database name
backup - backup file name

Restoring:

psql -U username -d dbname < filename.sql

-- For Postgres versions 9.0 or earlier
psql -U username -d dbname -1 -f filename.sql
or

pg_restore -U username -d dbname -1 filename.dump

Postgresql – How to pg_restore
In your pg_dump, specify the -F t flag. This tells pg_dump to create the backup in tar format

make backup with commang:
pg_dump -U postgres -h /tmp -Ft -b -C mydb > file_db.tar

When I want to restore from backup, i give error.

pg_restore -U postgres -d template1 -v -C < file_db.tar

Users and logins in MSSQL

Login - grants access to the server

User grants a login access to the database List users in SQL Server database

Query

select sp.name as login,
       sp.type_desc as login_type,
       sl.password_hash,
       sp.create_date,
       sp.modify_date,
       case when sp.is_disabled = 1 then 'Disabled'
            else 'Enabled' end as status
from sys.server_principals sp
left join sys.sql_logins sl
          on sp.principal_id = sl.principal_id
where sp.type not in ('G', 'R')
order by sp.name;

Columns

• login - user name
• login_type - principal type:
  • SQL_LOGIN - SQL login
  • WINDOWS_LOGIN - Windows login
  • CERTIFICATE_MAPPED_LOGIN - Login mapped to a certificate
  • ASYMMETRIC_KEY_MAPPED_LOGIN - Login mapped to an asymmetric key
• password_hash - for SQL logins hashed password with SHA-512
• create_date - date the login was added
• modify_date - date the login was last updated
• status - status of the login
  • Enabled
  • Disabled

Rows

• One row represents one user in the database
• Scope of rows: all users in the database
• Ordered by user name

Query

select name as username,
       create_date,
       modify_date,
       type_desc as type,
       authentication_type_desc as authentication_type
from sys.database_principals
where type not in ('A', 'G', 'R', 'X')
      and sid is not null
      and name != 'guest'
order by username;

Columns

• username - user name
• create_date - date the account was added
• modify_date - date the account was last updated
• type_desc - principal type:
  • CERTIFICATE_MAPPED_USER - User mapped to a certificate
  • EXTERNAL_USER - External user from Azure Active Directory
  • ASYMMETRIC_KEY_MAPPED_USER - User mapped to an asymmetric key
  • SQL_USER - SQL user
  • WINDOWS_USER - Windows user
• authentication_type - type of user authentication
  • NONE : No authentication
  • INSTANCE : Instance authentication
  • DATABASE : Database authentication
  • WINDOWS : Windows Authentication

Rows

• One row represents one user in the database
• Scope of rows: all users in the database
• Ordered by user name