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back up CentOS using the "dd" command

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back up CentOS using the "dd" command

Backup to a Disk Image

how to create an image to an external drive

Using the Gnome Disks Utility

  1. 1. Run the Gnome Disks utility from the Ubuntu programs menu - WRITE DISKS
  2. Select the external drive or disk, and then choose “Create Disk image…”.
  3. Create a file name for the image, choose the folder to store the image, and then press the “Start Creating…” button to begin the process.
  4. Wait for the process to finish. It could take a couple of hours to finish.

Using the Terminal

To backup to a compressed image using a terminal, simply run the following command:

sudo sh -c "dd if=/dev/sda status=progress | xz -c > /media/cupc/image.img.xz"

Replace /media/cupc/image.img.xz with the location where you wish to store your disk image.

It may take a couple of hours to complete.

Restore from a Disk Image

 

Using the Gnome Disks Utility

  1. 1.Run the Gnome Disks utility from the Ubuntu programs menu.
  2. Select the 120GB Disk, and then choose “Restore Disk image…”.
  3. Browse to the location of the image file.
  4. Press the “Start Restoring…” button.
  5. Confirm by pressing the “Restore” button.

Using the Terminal

To restore from a compressed image in a terminal, simply run the following command:

sudo sh -c "xz -d -c /media/cupc/image.img.xz | dd of=/dev/sda status=progress"

Replace /media/cupc/image.img.xz with the location of your compressed disk image.

It may take a couple of hours to complete.

back up CentOS using the "dd" command

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back up CentOS using the "dd" command

if=/dev/sda Is cloning the entire disk and of=/dev/sdd1 Is writing to a partition. Which doesn't make much sense.

You may want to clone the entire disk onto another disk

dd if=/dev/sda conv=sync,noerror status=progress bs=64k of=/dev/sdd

Or yet clone to a compressed image

dd if=/dev/sda | gzip  > /sda.img.gz

And restore like so

gzip -d /sda.img.gz | dd of=/dev/sda

to create the image. There where four partitions in my sda

  * EFI system
  * Microsoft reserved 
  * mircosoft basic dat 
  * Windows recovery environment 
 

Clonezilla

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What is Clonezilla?

Clonezilla is a partition and disk imaging/cloning program similar to True Image® or Norton Ghost®. It helps you to do system deployment, bare metal backup and recovery. Three types of Clonezilla are available, Clonezilla live, Clonezilla lite server, and Clonezilla SE (server edition). Clonezilla live is suitable for single machine backup and restore. While Clonezilla lite server or SE is for massive deployment, it can clone many (40 plus!) computers simultaneously. Clonezilla saves and restores only used blocks in the hard disk. This increases the clone efficiency. With some high-end hardware in a 42-node cluster, a multicast restoring at rate 8 GB/min was reported.

Features:

  • Many File systems are supported: (1) ext2, ext3, ext4, reiserfs, reiser4, xfs, jfs, btrfs, f2fs and nilfs2 of GNU/Linux, (2) FAT12, FAT16, FAT32, NTFS of MS Windows, (3) HFS+ of Mac OS, (4) UFS of FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD, (5) minix of Minix, and (6) VMFS3 and VMFS5 of VMWare ESX. Therefore you can clone GNU/Linux, MS windows, Intel-based Mac OS, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, Minix, VMWare ESX and Chrome OS/Chromium OS, no matter it's 32-bit (x86) or 64-bit (x86-64) OS. For these file systems, only used blocks in partition are saved and restored by Partclone. For unsupported file system, sector-to-sector copy is done by dd in Clonezilla.
  • LVM2 (LVM version 1 is not) under GNU/Linux is supported.
  • Boot loader, including grub (version 1 and version 2) and syslinux, could be reinstalled.
  • Both MBR and GPT partition formats of hard drive are supported. Clonezilla live also can be booted on a BIOS or uEFI machine.
  • Unattended mode is supported. Almost all steps can be done via commands and options. You can also use a lot of boot parameters to customize your own imaging and cloning.
  • One image restoring to multiple local devices is supported.
  • Image could be encrypted. This is done with ecryptfs, a POSIX-compliant enterprise cryptographic stacked filesystem.
  • Multicast is supported in Clonezilla SE, which is suitable for massive clone. You can also remotely use it to save or restore a bunch of computers if PXE and Wake-on-LAN are supported in your clients.
  • Bittorrent (BT) is supported in Clonezilla lite server, which is suitable for massive deployment. The job for BT mode is done by Ezio.
  • The image file can be on local disk, ssh server, samba server, NFS server or WebDAV server.
  • AES-256 encryption could be used to secures data access, storage and transfer.
  • Based on Partclone (default), Partimage (optional), ntfsclone (optional), or dd to image or clone a partition. However, Clonezilla, containing some other programs, can save and restore not only partitions, but also a whole disk.
  • By using another free software drbl-winroll, which is also developed by us, the hostname, group, and SID of cloned MS windows machine can be automatically changed.

Minimum System Requirements for Clonezilla live:

  • X86 or x86-64 processor
  • 196 MB of system memory (RAM)
  • Boot device, e.g. CD/DVD Drive, USB port, PXE, or hard drive

Limitations:

  • The destination partition must be equal or larger than the source one.
  • Differential/incremental backup is not implemented yet.
  • Online imaging/cloning is not implemented yet. The partition to be imaged or cloned has to be unmounted.
  • Due to the image format limitation, the image can not be explored or mounted. You can _NOT_ recovery single file from the image. However, you still have workaround to make it, read this.
  • Recovery Clonezilla live with multiple CDs or DVDs is not implemented yet. Now all the files have to be in one CD or DVD if you choose to create the recovery iso file.

License:

  • Clonezilla itself is licensed under the GNU General Public License (GPL) Version 2. However, to run Clonezilla, a lot of free and open source software, e.g. the Linux kernel and a minimal GNU/Linux OS, are required.

Which Clonezilla Shall I Use ?

  • Clonezilla Live: Clonezilla live allows you to use CD/DVD or USB flash drive to boot and run clonezilla (Unicast only)
  • Clonezilla lite server: Clonezilla lite server allows you to use Clonezilla live to do massively cloning (unicast, broadcast, multicast, bittorrent are supported)
  • Clonezilla SE: Clonezilla SE is included in DRBL, therefore a DRBL server must first be set up in order to use Clonezilla to do massively cloning (unicast, broadcast and multicast are supported)

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