Postgresql – Possible backup corruption using pg_dump only with compress parameter

the command can be used to backup the database in postgresql

pg_dump -Z 1 db_name > backup
where -Z - compression level
db_name - database name
backup - backup file name

Restoring:

psql -U username -d dbname < filename.sql

-- For Postgres versions 9.0 or earlier
psql -U username -d dbname -1 -f filename.sql
or

pg_restore -U username -d dbname -1 filename.dump

Postgresql – How to pg_restore
In your pg_dump, specify the -F t flag. This tells pg_dump to create the backup in tar format

make backup with commang:
pg_dump -U postgres -h /tmp -Ft -b -C mydb > file_db.tar

When I want to restore from backup, i give error.

pg_restore -U postgres -d template1 -v -C < file_db.tar

Users and logins in MSSQL

Login - grants access to the server

User grants a login access to the database List users in SQL Server database

Query

select sp.name as login,
       sp.type_desc as login_type,
       sl.password_hash,
       sp.create_date,
       sp.modify_date,
       case when sp.is_disabled = 1 then 'Disabled'
            else 'Enabled' end as status
from sys.server_principals sp
left join sys.sql_logins sl
          on sp.principal_id = sl.principal_id
where sp.type not in ('G', 'R')
order by sp.name;

Columns

• login - user name
• login_type - principal type:
  • SQL_LOGIN - SQL login
  • WINDOWS_LOGIN - Windows login
  • CERTIFICATE_MAPPED_LOGIN - Login mapped to a certificate
  • ASYMMETRIC_KEY_MAPPED_LOGIN - Login mapped to an asymmetric key
• password_hash - for SQL logins hashed password with SHA-512
• create_date - date the login was added
• modify_date - date the login was last updated
• status - status of the login
  • Enabled
  • Disabled

Rows

• One row represents one user in the database
• Scope of rows: all users in the database
• Ordered by user name

Query

select name as username,
       create_date,
       modify_date,
       type_desc as type,
       authentication_type_desc as authentication_type
from sys.database_principals
where type not in ('A', 'G', 'R', 'X')
      and sid is not null
      and name != 'guest'
order by username;

Columns

• username - user name
• create_date - date the account was added
• modify_date - date the account was last updated
• type_desc - principal type:
  • CERTIFICATE_MAPPED_USER - User mapped to a certificate
  • EXTERNAL_USER - External user from Azure Active Directory
  • ASYMMETRIC_KEY_MAPPED_USER - User mapped to an asymmetric key
  • SQL_USER - SQL user
  • WINDOWS_USER - Windows user
• authentication_type - type of user authentication
  • NONE : No authentication
  • INSTANCE : Instance authentication
  • DATABASE : Database authentication
  • WINDOWS : Windows Authentication

Rows

• One row represents one user in the database
• Scope of rows: all users in the database
• Ordered by user name

Change SQL Server Password Using SQL Script

1. Open the SQL Server Management Studio.
2. Open a New Query.

3. Copy, paste, and execute the following:

   GO
   ALTER LOGIN [sa] WITH DEFAULT_DATABASE=[master]
   GO
   USE [master]
   GO
   ALTER LOGIN [sa] WITH PASSWORD=N'NewPassword' MUST_CHANGE
   GO

   where NewPassword is the password you wish to use for the sa account.